Thursday, December 30, 2004

SCL: Simple Common Logic 

SCL: Simple Common Logic: "Abstract
SCL is a first-order logical language intended for information exchange and transmission. SCL allows for a variety of different syntactic forms, called dialects, all expressible within a common XML-based syntax and all sharing a single semantics.
Requirements
SCL has been designed with several requirements in mind, all arising from its intended role as a medium for transmitting logical content on the WWWeb.
1. Be a full first-order logic with equality.
1a. SCL syntax and semantics should provide for the full range of first-order syntactic forms, with their usual meanings. Any conventional first-order syntax should be directly translateable into SCL without loss or alteration of meaning.
2. Provide a general-purpose syntax for communicating logical expressions.
2a. There should be a standard XML syntax for communicating SCL content.
2b. The language should be able to express various commonly used 'syntactic sugarings' for logical forms
2c. The syntax should relate to existing logical standards and conventions; in particular, it should be capable of rendering any content expressible in RDF, RDFS or OWL.
2d. The syntax should provide for extendability to include future syntactic extensions to the language, such as modalities, extended quantifier forms, nonmonotonic constructions, etc..
2e. There should be at least one compact, human-readable syntax defined which can be used to express the entire language
2f. The notation should not make gratuitous or arbitrary assumptions about logical relationships between different expressions, particularly if these assumptions can be expressed in SCL directly.
3. Be 'web-savvy'
3a. The XML syntax must be compatible with the specs for XML, URI syntax and XML Schema, Unicode and other standards relevant to transmission of information on the WWWeb.

3b. URI references can be used as logical names in the language

3c. URI references can be used to to give names to expressions and sets of expressions, to facilitate Web operations such as retrieval, importation and cross-reference.

3d. SCL must contain a general-purpose datatyping convention which handles the XSD datatype suite so as to be compatible with RDF, RDFS and OWL usage.

4. Be an open-network common logic
4a. Transmission of content between SCL-aware agents should not require negotiation about syntactic roles of symbols, or translations between syntactic roles.

4b. Any piece of SCL text should have the same meaning, and support the same inferences, everywhere on the network. Every name should have the same logical meaning at every node of the network.

4c. No ontology can limit the ability of another ontology to refer to any entity or to make assertions about any entity.

4d. The language should support ways to refer to a local universe of discourse and relate it to other universes.

4e. Users of SCL should be free to invent new names and use them in published ontologies."

"Acknowledgements.
This document represents the combined efforts of the SCL working group, a self-selected group comprising Murray Altheim, Bill Anderson, Pat Hayes, Chris Menzel, John F. Sowa, and Tanel Tammet. Contributions were also made by Michael Gruninger, Geoff Sutcliffe, Kenneth Murray, Jay Halcomb, Robert E. Kent, Elisa Kendall, David Fraenkel and Mark Stickel. The work was an outgrowth of earlier work by the KIF/CL working group comprising, in addition to the above, Adam Pease, Michael F. Uschold, Christopher A. Welty and David Whitten, with contributions from Mike Genesereth. The ancestor of this entire effort was KIF, authored by Mike Genesereth."

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